applycation of pearlescent pigment

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Dope Industry

Pearlescent pigment is stable and has good decentralization; it can be used in all dopes.Same as the common dopes, adding proper pearlescent pigment in all kinds of transparent basal materials, there can get pearl dopes.Pearlescent pigment series have all kinds of standards, they have their own pearl shine and metallic effect, you can choose according to the effect that you need.The pearlescent pigment is not electric, suiting for the process of static pigment.The pearlescent pigment has good alkali resistance, suiting for water dope; it also has good sulfuration resistance, it will not change the colors when meet with the sulfid.

e.g.

- Prepare a little impregnant or wetting agent, mixed after moist the pearlescent pigment, can get excellent effect.
After milling the elements of the dope or the transparent pigment, adding the pearlescent pigment, then can be prepared equable by simple stiring.

Pack of Pearlescent pigment
The pearl dope that prepared by pearlescent pigment is suitable to use as the high-grade dope for cars, motorcycles and bikes, can use the high-grade packs such as spout pack, static pack, dipping pack and so on.
Use
Cars, bikes, building materials, furnishings, decorations, household products, toys, stationeries, packs of cosmetics, wirings and other products.
The effect of pearlescent pigment
　　 The common color series must face to their given light, absorbing or reflecting selectively, but the shine of the pearlescent pigment is from the disturbing effect of the light.
　　If the things completely reflect the white light, it will show white; if it was reflected and absorbed partly, it will show gray; almost being absorbed completely, it will show black. If the things show red, it is because in the incident white light, the red light is reflected and the other lights are absorbed. When the common pigments are added in the color-spread reagent of plastic, dope and printing ink, the light past the integrative action such as the absorption, diffusion and penetration of the pigment, showing the different effects of the color, light and transparence of the things.
　　We can know that bringing pearl shine by the disturbing effect of the light from the example of the oil float from the water. The color like rainbow happens because of the disturbing and strengthen of the certain wavelength from the gas of the film top, the oil of oil interface and bottom and the visible light of the water interface.
　　The pearl shine of the pearlescent pigment is from the titanium dioxide layer that deposits on the mica and strictly controls the thickness of the film. There will have many paths when the light shines to the film of the pearlescent pigment. Some light pass the air or the low refracting interface near the pearlescent pigment, the light will be reflected when it meets the surface of titanium dioxide, it is because the difference between the high refracting coefficient of titanium dioxide and the refracting efficient of colophony and titanium dioxide. Some light passes the titanium dioxide layer, reflecting again at the interface of titanium dioxide layer and the mica.
　　The final color is determined by the result of strengthen and the disturbtion from the light that is reflected from the two different interfaces. The change of the titanium dioxide thickness will change the color light. The thickness of the transparent film (the product of geometry thickness and refracting coefficient) is the precondition of the effect of the light disturbtion. Because the disturbing color changes together with the light and the observing corner, the rainbow will appear.
　　The optics character of pearlescent pigment is different from common pigments, it has regular multi-ply reflecting and refracting effect, so when the surface of pearlescent pigment forms parallelism, it will show more beautiful effect.

The particular effect of pearlescent pigment (metallic effect)
　　The pearlescent pigment is a particular pigment that has pearl shine; it also can show the metallic shine of aluminum powder, copper powder and alloy powder, etc. The pearlescent pigment has the following advantages compared with metallic pigment:
Non-electric, is insulated product, will not bring light for electrification when processing under high pressure and high cycle;
Good acid and alkali resistance, not change the color;
Not dissolving in the water, but can detract into the water, suiting for process of water products;
High temperature resistance to 800℃, not self-ignite and not combustion-supporting.
　　When pearlescent pigment mixed with the transparent products of plastic, dope and printing, the pigment particles are parallel arranged with the surface, can bring beautiful pearl shine for the multi-ply reflection and refraction of the light. Mixed with carbon black or the transparent pigment, the pearlescent pigment will have the metallic shines such as gold, silver, copper and aluminum, etc. If the red pearlescent pigment is mixed with carbon black or transparent pigment, there will bring very particular shine.

Pearlescent pigment use notice

1	When the pearlescent pigment is used together with dye or pigment, there will bring beautiful color effect, but if used together with opaque pigment, it will reduce the pearl shine;
2	If high-cutting mixed or long-time mixed, the particle of the pearlescent pigment will be destroyed, it is the true reason for reducing the pearl shine
3	When the printing ink and the pigment in a low viscosity, the pearlescent pigment particle will deposit, please mill again before use
4	Because of the mutual color, please not use the rainbow series in mix.

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Use in Plastic Industry of Pearlescent Pigment
Pearlescent Pigment Structure
Mica is the basal material of pearlescent pigment. The mica turns into the powders with different sizes after skived carefully, then forming layers with different thickness after covered with titanium dioxide, then burnt with 900℃ high temperature and specially process, making translucent, stable and showing chemical inertia pearlescent pigment. They will be not affected by the temperature when being used. The piece structure will separate out, appearing frost or thaw in pitch. The pearlescent pigment is innocuous and not include metallic element, forming different colors according to the optics principle completely. There will get white, metallic color and highlight double color series pearlescent pigment with different diameters by controlling the mica diameter and the thickness of the layers.

Pearlescent pigment use in plastic industry
　　The pearlescent pigment is translucent, you must pay attention to its optics capability and use it, then can bring excellent pearlescent effect. The plastic industry develops rapidly in the world during the near several years, it is very important in the national economy of our country. With improvement and the development of plastic forming process method, and the rich and colorful of plastic products, the use of pearlescet pigment in plastic industry is common. The pearlescent pigment is used to increase the appeal in leatheroid, wallpaper, plastic packs, and cosmetics, the shampoo packs, man-made pearls, plastic buttons and other plastic products. The pearlescent pigment can be used in all hot plastics and some hot solid plastics. The thickness of the pearlescent pigment used in plastic lies on different use condition, but usually, only 1-2% (Occupation for pitch weight) can bring satisfying effect, but it will be to 4-8% thickness for some film products. On the other side, some plastics in low transparence will show the effect when using high-content pearlescent pigment or bigger particles.


Choose the materials
Because the pearlescent pigment is translucent, and it can bring excellent effect only depending on the light reflection, so when choosing the plastics, we must use the materials with good transparence. The common ground of them is transparent, after being added the pearlescent pigment; the light can bring reflection and refraction to the surface of pearlescent pigment CMOS chips from the surface plastic: HDPE, LDPE, PP, EVA, PMMA, PET, PC, PVC, AK, EP, PU, the plastics with high and low transparence such as GPPS，HIPS and ABS have unconspicuous effects, it doesn't mean that these plastics cannot use the pearlescent pigment, but need more dosage. Following introducing the use in plastics of the pearlescent pigment by several typical processing method.


Forming by extrusion
It mainly used in producing continuous materials, such as the cover layers of plastic pipes, sticks and wires and cables, and the plastic materials. Many pearlescent packing tubes of washes, armguards and casehardened fixatures are processed by this method. When forming by extrusion, can mix the pearlescent pigment and pitch directly, putting into the extruding machine to extrude the tubes; also can use the pearlescent color mother particles, producing mixed with pitch material by requested proportion.

Flowing and Extending Film
There are many ways to produce the films, we can use rounded machine head to produce the canister films by blowing plastic method on the extruding machine, also can use T machine head to produce piece films by flowing and extending method. At present, there has a popular method that is to extrude double-layer or multi-layer pipe films. There is an increasing request for the use of pearlescent pigment in packing, can bring good effect when being used in PVC、PET、PE、PP. But there is some certain request of the use of pearlescent pigment to produce the films, the films are usually very thin, is transparent or semitransparent, must adding proper opaque pigments or titanium white powder to reach certain covering rate. It is said in principle, when using the pearlescent pigment, must avoid adding these pigments mentioned above to affect the pearlescent effect. It seems there are some contradictions. But actually, when producing the pearlescent films, usually need to add some titanium white powder to use together with the peatlescent pigments to fetch up the shortage of the thickness of the films. But because of the film is very thin, to arranging the pearlescent pigment pieces and show the pearlescent pigment effect, the thickness of the pearlescent should be increased, about 4-5%. Anyway, when producing the pearlescent films, must consider the covering rate, and must reach the request of pearlescent effect. It may as well produce the pearlescent films by double deck film flowing machine, mixing with pearlescent pigment on the superstratum, and use common opaque pigment. Only doing this can produce the best pearlescent films under the condition being not increase the thickness of the pearlescent pigment.

Forming by plastic flowing
Commonly used to produce all kinds of plastic bottles, such as shampoos, hair protecting element, all kinds of cosmetics, liquid soaps and mineral water, etc. The pearlescent pigment can be mixed directly with the pitch to flowing the plastics. The common dosage is between 0.5%-3%, adjusting by the thickness of the bottles. Can producing double deck mid-empty products by using double deck or multi-layer plastic flowing. The walls of the bottles have double deck, the outside layer includes pearlescent and the inside layer is common plastic, can safe the cost.

Forming by injection
The injecting forming products is 20-30% of the processing quantity of plastic products, can form all kinds of products with complex forms. With the development of injecting forming technic and machine, the injecting forming products have widen its range from civil use to more areas. The use of pearlescent pigment in injecting forming also has extended from containers, jewelries and commodities to iceboxes, air conditioning and the decorating parts of the cars. Recently, some manufactures (at home and abroad) use the injecting forming techinc, the pearlescent decorating films are used to produce the iceboxes and the crust of the air-condition with bigger volume, even used for the cars, outside and inside decorating parts, replacing some metallic parts successfully, the effects are satisfying.

The standard and the pack of pearlescent pigment
Can supply particles with the sizes between 2um - 150um.
The normal pack is 25kg, also has 5kg and 1kg for the production of small batch, offering the samples free, welcome the demand.


Summary
For the opaque plastics, we suggest making the pearl effect by the method of spouting and printing on the surface, this will be cheaper and the effect is better. Besides mentioned above, the pearlescent pigment is also used in pearlescent buttons, pearlescent color mother particles, man-made marbles and pearls, etc; our company has the detailed information.

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Printing ink and paper press industry
　The people take the pearl as the beautiful symbol from of old for its particular beautiful shine can bring elegant color share to the them.
We always try copying the shine-we call it pearlescent effect. After many years research, the people has needed understand to its calls of information, and finding that it is mainly caused by the physical construction of the pearl.
The pearl is formed by the alternant pack and cover of calcium carbonate layer and protein layer, they have different optics refractive index, will have multi reflection on the different surfaces of the pearls. There will have many lights reflecting from the inside of the pearl by parallel for the same direction, the optics interference of the lights is the main reason of forming the "Pearlescent effect".
Since 17th century, the European have begun to make pearlescent pigment with the distilling things of the scales, mainly satisfying the need of cosmetic industry. Today, there still have some expensive pearlescent pigment produced by this way; the main disadvantage is high cost and bad stability. The subsequent copy products are chlorine oxide bismuth crystal and the carbonic acid lead crystal, but the former has bad stability, cannot endure; the latter has severe toxicity.
In 50-60s of 20th century, the applied pearlescent pigment just opened up, this is "metallic oxide/mica" pigment.
Despite being called "Pearlescent pigment", the optics effect of these products extends more and more,is not the pearl shine, in order to not confuse the concept, we still use the word "Pearlescent pigment" in following text.
The transect of the pearlescent pigment has the physical structure that similar with the pearl: kernel is the mica that has low optics refractive index, the outside is the metallic oxide that has high refractive index, such as titanium dioxide and ferric oxide, etc.
In the use of ideal status, the pearlescent pigment detract on the layers equably, and forming many layers parallel on the surface of the things, same as in the pearls, the incident lights will show the pearlescent effect by multi reflection and interference.
Compared with the traditional optic absorbing organic and inorganic pigments and optic reflecting metallic pigments, the quality principle of the pearlescent pigment is completely different, so the effect is particular. The pearlescent pigment is the main deputation of the optic intervene pigments that is one of the three main ones.
The pearlescent pigment shows different effects when being used according to the sizes of the particles. Generally speaking, bigger the particles are, higher the shine is, weaker the cover power to the grounding; contrarily, smaller the particles are, stronger the cover power to the grounding, the shine will be reduced.
Changing the thickness of the metallic oxide of the kernel of mica, and the breeds of it will change the colors.


Sorted by physical composing and the characteristics of the light and color
silvery white (KC100 series)：
The common used breeds are composed with the mica pieces covered with the sharp titanium or rutile titanium dioxide, showing the various shines from exquisite and soft to glittering.
Rainbow series (KC200 series)
The physical composing is same as above, but the titanium dioxide is thicker and equal, making the reflecting lights intervene selectively. In particular view, some certain colored lights stand out, but the complementary color will disappear, so the products have the "color change" characteristic, can offer the products with different particle size. Pay attention that the different intervene color products cannot be used together, or there will only bring bleak gray. Gold series (KC300 series)
Composed by the mica covered by ferric oxide and titanium dioxide, different products have various gold shines, having good transparence compared with the lead gold powder, and the color is soft and strong solid feel. Can offer the products with different particle size.
metallic color series (KC500 Series)
Composed by the mica covered with the ferric oxide, having the warm color metallic shine, can offer the products with different particle size.
Generally speaking, the pearlescent pigment is more used to show the shine, less showing the colors.

The advantage of the pearlescent pigment is its good physical characteristic, this is determined by its physical composing:
Inorganic characteristic: stable, good endurance to the temperature, strong light and acid/alkali condition;
Nonmetal characteristic: not including heavy metal, chemical inertia, no harm to the environment and the human body.



Following introduce the main capability guideline of pearlescent pigment: product offering form 100% dry powder
density 3g/cm
particle limit  3-150 micron
chemical resistant enduring characteristic enduring the water, acid, alkali and the organic impregnant
High temperature endurance to 800℃
electric  not electric
magnetism transmit not transmit the magnetism
optic stability good
toxicity innocuity; Not stimulate the skin and the mucous membrane, no allergy

It can know that, the pearlescent pigment is a particular pigment with good quality, offering wider color using space for our lives and the possibility of creation.

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Pearl pigment of cosmi standard

Heavy Metals	Standard	Method
Lead(Pb)	<3ppm	EU/FDA
Arsenic(As)	<1ppm
Antimony(Sb)	<1ppm
Copper(Cu)	<30ppm
Chromium(Cr)	<30ppm
Zinc(Zn)	<40ppm
Barium(Ba)	<30ppm
Mercury(Hg)	<1ppm
Nickel(Ni)	<50ppm
Cadmium(Cd)	<1ppm

Microorganisms
     

100 CFU/g max

No Pathogens

COSMETICS

some pearl pigments can be used in cosmetics field,for productions of lipstick,eye-shadow,make-up powder,eyebrow pencil and nail polish and so on.

REFERENCE SOLUTION

NO.	USAGE CASE	USAGE PROPORTION(%)
1	LIPSTICK	5-10
2	EYE-SHADOW	10-40
3	MAKE-UP POWDER	5-10
4	EYEBROW PENCIL	5-15
5	NAIL POLISH	5-15

Based on different substrates(such as mica,SiO2,Al2O3,Glass)and coating

technologies(e.g.multilayerNontoxic effect pigments completely meet the requirements of appearance design with respect to beautiful color dazzling luster.
.These cosmetics grade effect pigments adopt medication grade original material and cosmetics grade pigment to process as well as meet the relative standards of FDA and EU

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珠光颜料的应用
涂料工业
珠光颜料具有很好的稳定性和分散性,可用于所有涂料中.在一般涂料中,向所有透明基料中加入珠光颜料就可以得到珠光涂料.珠光颜料有不同的系列,显示出不同的珍珠光泽和金属效果.你可以根据你所需要的效果进行选择.珠光颜料是不导电的,适合于绝缘涂层;珠光颜料具有良好的耐碱性,适合于水性涂料(防水涂层).珠光颜料对硫化物有抵抗能力,适合于应用在含硫气氛的涂层.
采用少量溶剂或润湿剂对珠光颜料进行润湿,可得到很好的效果.将透明基料的组份加入并高速分散后,加入珠光颜料,采用低速分散均匀.